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The aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome as an essential component of the innate system is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human inflammatory diseases. Studies have confirmed its association with digestive system diseases such as ulcerative colitis， Crohn's disease， and acute pancreatitis， suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in the initiation and progression of these diseases. Based on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the pathways that mediate the inflammatory response， this article introduced the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathogenesis of multiple digestive system diseases and the Chinese and western medical therapies. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated definite effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated digestive system diseases. Some single Chinese medicines or TCM prescriptions can treat digestive system diseases by activating or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasome can receive a variety of endogenous and exogenous stimulatory signals， which can initiate， activate， and mediate inflammatory responses. The inflammasome formation and downstream inflammatory cytokines are involved in not only the inflammatory responses but also the development and progression of multiple digestive system diseases. Therefore， the NLRP3 inflammasome can serve as an ideal target for disease treatment. The future rediscovery and in-depth studies of multiple inflammasomes will shed new light on the treatment of multiple digestive system diseases.
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The matrix metalloproteinases family (MMPs) are proteins related to tumor formation and metastasis that have attracted the attention of scholars in recent years. Tumor cells can secrete MMPs during malignant transformation, and the expression of MMPs in different malignant tumors is diverse, and different members of MMPs do not have exactly the same biological properties. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP-19) is a new member of MMPs whose secretion increases rapidly during the malignant transformation of cells and is released into the extracellular space to participate in biological processes such as proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. In this paper, the progress of research on the biological properties of MMP-19 in tumors was reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the development of tumors, especially for studying the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.
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A 56-year-old man presented with vague upper abdominal pain for more than 4 months. His abdominal ultrasound and MRI showed thickening of the neck and base of the gallbladder and nodule formation at the base of the gallbladder. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed intense FDG uptake in the base of the gallbladder and multiple lymph nodes. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT not only showed intense FAPI uptake in the above mentioned FDG-avid lesions but also showed intense FAPI uptake in the neck lesion of the gallbladder and some other additional lymph nodes. Finally, histopathological examination confirmed poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the neck and base of the gallbladder. Our case illustrated that 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may outperform 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of gallbladder cancer primary and metastatic lesions.
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At present, the exact pathogenesis of dental fluorosis is not clear, and there is no exact standard of enamel acid etching in the adhesive restoration of dental fluorosis. Atomic force microscope represents a great progress in high-resolution imaging of biomaterials, and its advantage is that it can provide three-dimensional images and quantitative data of observed samples at the nanometer level. In recent years, the application of atomic force microscope in enamel study has made some progress. Whether the quantitative analysis of enamel ultrastructure can become a new way to study the pathogenesis of dental fluorosis and find the best repair method is worthy of further exploration. This paper reviews the application of atomic force microscope in the study of enamel with dental fluorosis.
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The prevalence of obesity-associated conditions raises new challenges in clinical medication. Although altered expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been shown in obesity, the impacts of obese levels (overweight, obesity, and severe obesity) on the expression of DMEs have not been elucidated. Especially, limited information is available on whether parental obese levels affect ontogenic expression of DMEs in children. Here, a high-fat diet (HFD) and three feeding durations were used to mimic different obese levels in C57BL/6 mice. The hepatic expression of five nuclear receptors (NRs) and nine DMEs was examined. In general, a trend of induced expression of NRs and DMEs (except for and ) was observed in HFD groups compared to low-fat diet (LFD) groups. Differential effects of HFD on the hepatic expression of DMEs were found in adult mice at different obese levels. Family-based dietary style of an HFD altered the ontogenic expression of DMEs in the offspring older than 15 days. Furthermore, obese levels of parental mice affected the hepatic expression of DMEs in offspring. Overall, the results indicate that obese levels affected expression of the DMEs in adult individuals and that of their children. Drug dosage might need to be optimized based on the obese levels.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of free perforator propeller flap from buttock in repairing deep wound of buttock.@*Methods@#From February 2016 to May 2018, 27 patients with buttock skin and soft tissue defects caused by various reasons were admitted to the Burn and Plastic Surgery Center of the 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of People′s Liberation Army, including 19 males and 8 females, aged from 28 to 70 years. Among the protopathy, there were 14 cases of pressure sores, 7 cases of scar carcinoma, 2 cases of low-temperature scald, 2 cases of abscess, and 2 cases of pilonidal sinus. The wounds were located in the sacrococcygeal region in 15 cases, the ischial tuberosity in 8 cases, and the rest area of buttock in 4 cases after injury or lesion resection. The size of wounds ranged from 4.0 cm×4.0 cm to 12.0 cm×6.0 cm after debridement or extended resection. The free perforator propeller flaps from buttock with areas of 8.0 cm×4.0 cm-16.0 cm×6.0 cm were used to repair the wounds, and the donor sites were selected adjacent to the wounds where the skins were relatively loose. All flaps took buttock free perforator vessels as the axis and were transferred in propeller-type to repair the wounds. The donor sites were directly closed and sutured. The survival, complications, and follow-up of flaps were recorded.@*Results@#All the flaps survived 100% in 27 patients. Congestion formed under flaps 2-6 days post operation in 2 patients due to inadequate drainage, which were healed after dressing change and drainage for 14-18 days. The sutures of flaps in the other cases were removed in 10-14 days post operation, and the wounds were healed. Follow-up for 2-12 months showed that the shapes of flaps and the donor sites were plump, which were not much different from the healthy sides, and the flaps could bear weight.@*Conclusions@#Repairing buttock deep wound with buttock free perforator propeller flap has good effects. The donor site can be designed in the area adjacent to the wound where the skin is relatively loose and can be directly closed and sutured while repairing the wound, which can ensure plump buttock appearance.
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Precision medicine is a rapidly-developing modality of medicine in human healthcare. Based on each patient׳s unique characteristics, more accurate dosages and drug selection can be made to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and less adverse reactions in precision medicine. A patient׳s individual parameters that affect drug transporter action can be used to develop a precision medicine guidance, due to the fact that therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs can both be affected by expression and function of drug transporters on the cell membrane surface. The purpose of this review is to summarize unique characteristics of human breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and the genetic variability in the BCRP encoded gene in the development of precision medicine. Inter-individual variability of BCRP/ can impact choices and outcomes of drug treatment for several diseases, including cancer chemotherapy. Several factors have been implicated in expression and function of BCRP, including genetic, epigenetic, physiologic, pathologic, and environmental factors. Understanding the roles of these factors in controlling expression and function of BCRP is critical for the development of precision medicine based on BCRP-mediated drug transport.
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The common Japanese Kampo medicine issued by MHLW was sorted and analyzed, record total ingredients, average dosage, total dosage of general prescription, maximal and minimal dosage of general prescription of Japanese Kampo was originated from the classic prescription. The ingredients of each prescription medicine was relatively less, and mostly composed of 4 to 9 ingredients. The average dosage was less, around 15-25 g and the average dosage of single drug was 3.16 g. The dose of Japanese Kampo medicine was relatively less, and it was only about 1/4 of the drug used in Chinese mainland. The reasons were related to many factors like historical evolution of Chinese prescription, the habit of taking medicine, people’s constitution of different nations and so on.
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Objective@#To quantitatively measure biological parameters of nanophthalmos and analyze the correlation between axial length (AL) and the other biological parameters.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 71 eyes of 43 patients identified with nanophthalmos (AL≤20 mm) from September 2012 to August 2018 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were retrospectively analyzed.All enrolled patients underwent ophthalmological examinations including best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, A-scan ultrasound examinations, ultrasound biomicroscopy, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and nonmydriatic fundus photography.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between AL and all biological parameters.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (NO.2017KYPJ092). All patients signed informed consent.@*Results@#Of the 43 patients, the average age was (46.00±12.75) years, the mean intraocular pressure was (24.97±14.87)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The mean best corrected visual acuity was 1.14±0.79, the mean refraction was (11.61±4.09)D.The mean AL, central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), len thickness(LT) and vitreous cavity length(VCL) was (17.13±1.57)mm, (550±60)μm, (1.64±0.37)mm, (11.17±0.61)mm, (5.01±0.51)mm and (10.10±1.80)mm, respectively.The average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFLT), macular foveal retinal thickness (FRT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was (98.51±40.93), (294.46±116.83) and (488.72±133.06)μm, respectively.The ratio of ACD to AL, LT to AL, and VCL to AL was 9.6%, 29.4% and 59.3%, respectively.The ACW and VCL were positively correlated with AL(r=0.432, 0.978; both at P<0.001); whereas, LT and FRT were negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.272, P=0.027; r=-0.679, P<0.001). There was no correlation between CCT, central ACD, mRNFLT, SFCT and AL (r=0.153, -0.053, -0.322, 0.063; all at P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Nanophthalmos has the characteristics of narrow anterior and posterior segment structure.The ratio of LT to AL is increased and the ratio of VCL to AL is decreased.The AL is positively correlated with ACW and VCL, negatively correlated with LT and FRT.
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Objective To investigate the supernatant of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and apoptosis protein caspase-3 in diabetic rats model with skin ulcer. Methods 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (acute wounds group), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group and UCMSCs supernatant group. The diabetic rat model was constructed by injecting with alloxan by tail vein and feeding with high-fat diet. Diabetic skin ulcer (DSU) rat model was constructed by scratching a wound and infusing suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. In the control group, the diabetic rats (n=15) were scratched to form a wound and treated by tail vein injection of 100μl PBS. In the PBS group, DSU rats (n=15) were treated by tail vein injection of 100μl PBS, and then 100μl PBS was dropped at the ulcer site. In the UCMSCs supernatant group, freeze-dried powder of UCMSCs supernatant was dissolved in 200μl PBS, 100μl of which was injected into the tail vein of DSU rats (n=15), and other 100μl was dropped at the ulcer site. After 5 days of the treatments, the levels of serum TNF-αwere detected by radioimmunoassay method, and the expression of TNF-αand caspase-3 in the ulcer tissues of rats was detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot. Results The levels of TNF-αin the PBS group [(35.9±3.7)μg/L] were significantly higher than that of the control group [(11.4±4.9)μg/L] and the UCMSCs group [(14.7±6.6)μg/L] (all P<0.05). The levels of mRNA and protein expression of TNF-αand caspase-3 in the UCMSCs group were significantly lower than those of the PBS group (all P<0.05), and have no significant differences with respect to those of the control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions UCMSCs supernatant treatments can effectively down-regulate the expression of TNF-αand caspase-3 in ulcer tissue of DSU rats, and play an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect.
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Objective To observe the correlation between serum trace elements and homocysteine ( Hcy) levels and cognitive function in elderly patients with Alzheimer＇s disease ( AD).Methods From January 2017 to December 2018,65 patients with AD who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Seventh People＇s Hospital of Wenzhou were selected in this study.In the same period,50 healthy people in the physical examination center of our hospital were selected as the control group.MMSE scale was used to evaluate the cognitive status of patients.The score of MMSE 27-30 belongs to normal cognitive function.The score of MMSE＜27points is cognitive dysfunction.The score of MMSE 21 -26points is mild cognitive dysfunction.The score of MMSE 10 -20points is moderate cognitive dysfunction.The score of MMSE 0-9points is severe cognitive dysfunction.The levels of Hcy,serum copper,serum iron and serum zinc in all subjects were detected and analyzed.The normal value of copper is 7.12-33.8 μmol／L.The normal value of zinc is 67.72-111.30 μmol／L.The normal value of iron is 7.27-9.85 μmol／L.Results The serum copper level of the control group was significantly lower than that of the moderate and severe patients ,which of the mild patients was significantly lower than that of the moderate and severe patients(F＝12.796,P＝0.003).The level of serum iron in the control group was significantly higher than that in the mild group, and there was statistically significant difference between the moderate group and severe group ( F ＝3.332,P＝0.021).The serum zinc level in the control group was significantly higher than that in the mild ,moderate and severe patients (F＝123.618,P＝0.000).There were statistically significant differences in serum zinc concentration between mild and moderate patients and severe patients (F＝26.3672,P＝0.0000).The serum zinc concentration in moderate patients was significantly lower than that in severe patients (F＝12.375,P＝0.009).The levels of Hcy in mild,moderate and severe patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (F＝6.549,P＝0.020).Serum copper concentration was positively correlated with MMSE score (r＝10.100,P＝0.000).The higher the serum copper concentration ,the higher the MMSE score, the more serious the cognitive impairment.The serum zinc and iron levels in patients were negatively correlated with the MMSE score ( r＝6.039,P＝0.037).The lower the serum zinc concentration ,the higher the scores of MMSE scale and the lighter the degree of cognitive impairment.Conclusion The changes of serum iron,zinc and copper levels in patients with AD are closely related to cognitive function.Serum copper is positively correlated with the severity of the disease,while serum zinc is negatively correlated with iron and severity of the disease.
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Objective To quantitatively measure biological parameters of nanophthalmos and analyze the correlation between axial length ( AL) and the other biological parameters. Methods The clinical data of 71 eyes of 43 patients identified with nanophthalmos ( AL≤20 mm ) from September 2012 to August 2018 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were retrospectively analyzed. All enrolled patients underwent ophthalmological examinations including best-corrected visual acuity,refraction,slit-lamp biomicroscopy,fundus examination,Goldmann applanation tonometry,A-scan ultrasound examinations, ultrasound biomicroscopy, spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( SD-OCT) and nonmydriatic fundus photography. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between AL and all biological parameters. This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (NO. 2017KYPJ092). All patients signed informed consent. Results Of the 43 patients,the average age was (46. 00±12. 75) years,the mean intraocular pressure was (24. 97± 14. 87)mmHg (1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa). The mean best corrected visual acuity was 1. 14±0. 79,the mean refraction was (11.61±4.09)D. The mean AL,central corneal thickness (CCT),central anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW),len thickness(LT) and vitreous cavity length(VCL) was (17. 13±1. 57)mm,(550± 60)μm,(1. 64±0. 37)mm,(11. 17±0. 61)mm,(5. 01±0. 51)mm and (10. 10±1. 80)mm,respectively. The average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness ( mRNFLT ) , macular foveal retinal thickness ( FRT ) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was (98. 51±40. 93),(294. 46±116. 83) and (488. 72±133. 06)μm,respectively. The ratio of ACD to AL, LT to AL, and VCL to AL was 9. 6％, 29. 4％ and 59. 3％, respectively. The ACW and VCL were positively correlated with AL(r=0. 432,0. 978;both at P<0. 001);whereas,LT and FRT were negatively correlated with AL(r=-0. 272,P=0. 027;r=-0. 679,P<0. 001). There was no correlation between CCT,central ACD, mRNFLT,SFCT and AL (r=0. 153,-0. 053,-0. 322,0. 063;all at P>0. 05). Conclusions Nanophthalmos has the characteristics of narrow anterior and posterior segment structure. The ratio of LT to AL is increased and the ratio of VCL to AL is decreased. The AL is positively correlated with ACW and VCL,negatively correlated with LT and FRT.
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This paper reviewed the present nursing manager succession planning at home and abroad, covering the succession standard of nursing managers, the content and form of pre-job training, and the evaluation tool of management ability. These efforts aim to provide references for the construction of nursing management talents teams in China.
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Objective@#To explore the improvement rate of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who received entecavir alone or in combination with anluohuaxianwan for 78 weeks.@*Methods@#Patients with chronic HBV infection were randomly treated with entecavir alone or in combination with anluohuaxian for 78 weeks. Ishak fibrosis score was used for blind interpretation of liver biopsy specimens. The improvement in liver fibrosis condition before and after the treatment was compared. Student's t test and non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U-Test and Kruskal-Wallis test) were used to analyze the measurement data. The categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test method and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test bivariate associations.@*Results@#Liver fibrosis improvement rate after 78 weeks of treatment was 36.53% (80/219) and the progression rate was 23.29% (51/219). The improvement of liver fibrosis was associated to the degree of baseline fibrosis and treatment methods (P < 0.05). The improvement rate of hepatic fibrosis in patients treated with anluohuaxianwan combined with entecavir at baseline F < 3 (54.74%, 52/95) was significantly higher than that in patients treated only with entecavir (33.33%, 16/48), P = 0.016 and the progression rate of hepatic fibrosis (13.68%, 13/95) was lower than that in patients treated alone (18.75%, 9/48), P = 0.466. In patients with baseline F < 3, the proportion of patients with improved and stable liver fibrosis in the combined treatment group (68.1%, 32/47) was higher than that in the treatment group alone (51.7%, 15/29).@*Conclusion@#Combined anluohuaxianwan and entecavir treatment can significantly improve the improvement rate of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Furthermore, it has the tendency to improve the stability rate and reduce the rate of progression of liver fibrosis.
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To introduce the diagnosis and treatment, as well as the result of a patient with fat embolism at cerebral and ophthalmic artery, following fronto-temporal autologous fat transplantation. The patient, a 39-year-old woman, who received fronto-temporal autologous fat transplantation in other hospital in May 2018. Hemiplegia and right eye blindness happened right after autologous fat transplantation. The patient was transferred to the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Service Support Force 5 hours after operation, but the function of the limbs and the right eye were not well restored after intensive treatment. Fat embolism is the most serious complication in fat transplantation. Once it occurs, the prognosis is poor. Therefore, the process of autologous fat transplantation should be standard to prevent related complications.
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Objective@#To observe the correlation between serum trace elements and homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cognitive function in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).@*Methods@#From January 2017 to December 2018, 65 patients with AD who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou were selected in this study.In the same period, 50 healthy people in the physical examination center of our hospital were selected as the control group.MMSE scale was used to evaluate the cognitive status of patients.The score of MMSE 27-30 belongs to normal cognitive function.The score of MMSE<27points is cognitive dysfunction.The score of MMSE 21-26points is mild cognitive dysfunction.The score of MMSE 10-20points is moderate cognitive dysfunction.The score of MMSE 0-9points is severe cognitive dysfunction.The levels of Hcy, serum copper, serum iron and serum zinc in all subjects were detected and analyzed.The normal value of copper is 7.12-33.8 μmol/L.The normal value of zinc is 67.72-111.30 μmol/L.The normal value of iron is 7.27-9.85 μmol/L.@*Results@#The serum copper level of the control group was significantly lower than that of the moderate and severe patients, which of the mild patients was significantly lower than that of the moderate and severe patients(F=12.796, P=0.003). The level of serum iron in the control group was significantly higher than that in the mild group, and there was statistically significant difference between the moderate group and severe group (F=3.332, P=0.021). The serum zinc level in the control group was significantly higher than that in the mild, moderate and severe patients (F=123.618, P=0.000). There were statistically significant differences in serum zinc concentration between mild and moderate patients and severe patients (F=26.3672, P=0.0000). The serum zinc concentration in moderate patients was significantly lower than that in severe patients (F=12.375, P=0.009). The levels of Hcy in mild, moderate and severe patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(F=6.549, P=0.020). Serum copper concentration was positively correlated with MMSE score (r=10.100, P=0.000). The higher the serum copper concentration, the higher the MMSE score, the more serious the cognitive impairment.The serum zinc and iron levels in patients were negatively correlated with the MMSE score (r=6.039, P=0.037). The lower the serum zinc concentration, the higher the scores of MMSE scale and the lighter the degree of cognitive impairment.@*Conclusion@#The changes of serum iron, zinc and copper levels in patients with AD are closely related to cognitive function.Serum copper is positively correlated with the severity of the disease, while serum zinc is negatively correlated with iron and severity of the disease.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) combined with delayed repair on Fournier gangrene in perineal region.@*Methods@#During July 2010 to September 2018, 16 patients with Fournier gangrene in perineal region were admitted to our center, with 13 males and 3 females, aged 30 to 76 years. In the first stage, the necrotic tissue of the wound was completely removed according to the scope of the lesion, and NPWT was applied. After the operation, general anti-infection and nutritional support were performed. In the second stage, the local flaps, free flaps, or skin grafts were chosen to repair the wounds according to the specific condition of wounds. The average length of stay and pathological diagnosis were recorded, and the survival and follow-up of skin grafts and flaps were recorded.@*Results@#All the 16 patients were cured and discharged, with an average of 29.6 days in hospital. The pathological diagnosis of biopsies were necrotizing inflammation. The wound of 1 patient was healed directly after only NPWT, the skin grafts of 5 patients, local flaps of 9 patients, and anterolateral thigh island flap of 1 patient who had NPWT combined with delayed repair survived well. Sixteen patients were followed up for 1 to 2 years after discharge, and no recurrence of Fournier gangrene was found. Among them, 5 patients with wounds involved perineum and scrotum had good appearance and function of scrotum and mons pubis.@*Conclusions@#NPWT combined with delayed plastic repair have great effects on Fournier gangrene.
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Objective@#To summarize the clinical presentations and imaging features of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in 5 newborns.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 5 newborns with CVST admitted to Department of Neonatology of Maternal and Children Hospital of Hubei Province from February 2017 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The risk factors, clinical presentations, imaging manifestations and treatment of CVST were investigated.@*Results@#Of the 5 full term neonates, 4 were males and 1 female, with 4 aged less than 7 days and 1 more than 7 days; one with the history of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus, one with maternal gestational hypertension. The clinical presentations included seizures (3 cases), fever (3 cases), dehydration (1 cases), lethargy (2 cases), hypoglycemia (2 cases), thrombocytopenia (2 cases). Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed electrical seizures in 3 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed 4 cases of intracranial hemorrhage, 3 cases of cerebral parenchymal infarction. For the sites of the thrombi, 4 were in the superior sagittal sinus, 3 in straight sinus, 2 in transverse sinus and 1 in sinus confluence. CT showed intracranial hemorrhage in 2 cases and venous sinus dilatation in 2 cases. Doppler ultrasound showed 2 cases of intraventricular hemorrhage and 2 cases of changes of venous sinus blood flow. Three neonates were treated with anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy, followed by recanalization of the veins and discontinuing of seizures.@*Conclusions@#Seizure is the main clinical presentation of CVST. The main radiologic manifestations are cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. Timely brain MRI and MRV are helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of CVST.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of reparing sacrococcygeal wounds with trilobed buttocks perforator pedicled propeller flap.@*Methods@#From February 2015 to October 2017, 9 patients with sacrococcygeal wounds were received and cured, including 7 cases of pressure ulcers and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinomas, and the sizes of the wounds ranged from 4 cm×6 cm to 6 cm×12 cm after debridement or extended resection.@*Results@#In 2 cases, inadequate drainage led to congestion under the flaps and healed in 14 days with dressing changing and drainage. The other cases were all primary healing in 10 to 12 days, and the appearances and functions were satisfied.@*Conclusions@#Trilobed buttocks perforator pedicled propeller flap was an excellent method for reparing sacrococcygeal wound. It was simple to design and caused small injury and could restore satisfied appearance and function.
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Objective@#To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Xuebijing (XBJ) on paraquat (PQ) -induced apoptosis in Human kidney cell line-2 (HK-2) cells.@*Methods@#Routinely cultured HK-2 cells, (1) Cell growth inhibition experiment after PQ and XBJ intervention: PQ was divided into 0、200、400、800、1600 and 3200 μmol/L PQ groups, and the cell survival rate was detected after intervening 24、48 and 72 h. XBJ was divided into 0、5、10、20、40 mg/ml XBJ groups, and the cell survival rate was detected after intervening 24、48 and 72 h.To determine the rational drug concentration and the duration of action of XBJ and PQ. (2) PQ-induced HK-2 cell growth inhibition experiment antagonized by XBJ: The cells were divided into normal control group, PQ group (800 μmol/L) and PQ+XBJ group (The cells were pretreated with 5、10 and 20 mg/ml XBJ for 1 h, then cultured with PQ of 800 μmol/L) , After cultured 24 h、48 h and 72 h separately, the cell survival rate was detected. (3) HK-2 cells were divided into normal control group、PQ group (800 μmol/L PQ cultured for 24 h) 、PQ+XBJ group (pretreated with 10 mg/ml XBJ for 1 h, and then 800 μmol/L PQ cultured for 24 h) and XBJ group (10 mg/ml XBJ cultured 24 h). The apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and BAX in each group was detected by Western blotting. The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected by caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity kit active.@*Results@#(1) PQ could significantly reduced the survival rate of HK-2 cells and showed time and concentration dependence. The survival rate of HK-2 cells was about 55% after 800 μmol/L PQ contacted 24 h, XBJ under 20 mg/ml was no significant effect on the survival rate of HK-2 cells after cultured 72 h. (2) Compared with the PQ group, the survival rate of HK-2 cells of PQ+XBJ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group, the cell apoptosis rate of PQ group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the PQ group, the cell apoptosis rate of PQ+XBJ group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). (4) Compared with the normal control group, Bcl-2 protein expression in PQ group was significantly decreased and BAX protein expression in PQ group was significantly increased (P<0.05) ; compared with PQ group, Bcl-2 protein expression in PQ+XBJ group was significantly increased, BAX protein expression in PQ+XBJ group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). (5) Compared with the normal control group, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in PQ group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with PQ group, the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in PQ+XBJ group were decreased significantly (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#XBJ (10 mg/ml) has obvious protective effect on HK-2 cell injuried by PQ (800 μmol/L) , It can improve the survival rate of cells through reducing the apoptosis of HK-2 cells which induced by PQ.